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| 00-01 | Oscillations Project Final Report
This is the final report for the 1997-99
PSERC project on interarea electric
power
system oscillations. The main project
objective was to determine the
feasibility
of computations
to avoid or suppress large scale system
oscillations.
The main accomplishments of the project
are:
1 Discovery and initial analysis of a
new
mechanism for oscillations in which a
strong
resonance between two oscillatory modes
is a precursor to the oscillations.
2 Assessment of the computational speed
of advanced eigenvalue algorithms for
oscillations and its scaling with system
size.
3 Analysis of a steady state ''angle
collapse" instability preceded by
resonance in a low frequency oscillatory
mode and caused by increasing interarea
transfer.
4 Improved eigenvalue sensitivity
formulas taking account of the different
time scales of oscillations and operator
actions.
5 New methods for quantifying the
robustness of eigenvalues to
uncertainties such as poorly known load
or generator data.
6 Nine, fourteen and thirty seven bus
systems oscillation test cases.
7 Foundational work towards a new
generation of dynamics software with
algebraically assisted numerics.
8 Outline of an opportunity for the
combined use of system measurements and
model based software for real time
control of oscillations.
9 Identification of key barriers to
developing software to assist the real
time suppression and avoidance of
oscillations. | Dobson, Alvarado, DeMarco, Sauer, Zhang, Greene, Engdahl | 11/27/2002 | 981.3k | PDF |
| 00-02 | Stability Analysis of Interconnected Power Systems Coupled with Market Dynamics
The use of market mechanisms to
determine generation
dispatch, and the natural tendency to
seek improved economic
efficiency through rapid market
updates, raises a critical issue.
As the frequency of market based
dispatch updates increases, there
will inevitably be interaction between
the dynamics of markets
determining the generator dispatch
commands, and the physical
response of generators and network
interconnections. This paper
examines questions of stability in such
coupled systems through
numeric tests using various market
update models, with detailed
generator/turbine/governor dynamics, in
the New England 39 bus
test system. The results presented
highlight the nature of
potential instabilities and show the
participation of physical and
market quantities through eigen-
analysis. Understanding of
potential modes of instability in such
coupled systems is of
crucial importance both in designing
suitable rules for power
markets, and for designing physical
generator controls that are
complementary to market-based dispatch.
| F.L. Alvarado , J. Meng, C.L. DeMarco, W.S. Mota | 2/10/2000 | 187.7k | PDF |
| 00-03 | Is strong modal resonance a precursor to power system oscillations?
We suggest a new mechanism for interarea
electric power system oscillations in
which two oscillatory modes interact near
a strong resonance to cause one of the
modes to subsequently become unstable.
The possibility of this mechanism for
oscillations is shown by theory and
computational examples.
Theory suggests that passing near strong
resonance can be expected in general
power system models.
The mechanism for oscillations is
illustrated in 3 and 9 bus examples with
detailed generator models.
This paper was produced under the PSerc
project Avoiding and suppressing
oscillations and is submitted to IEEE
Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part
I.
| Ian Dobson, Jianfeng Zhang, Scott Greene, Henrik Engdahl, Peter Sauer | 3/1/2000 | 439.1k | PDF |
| 00-04 | Report of the Department of Energy's Power Outage Study Team
Findings and Recommendations to Enhance
Reliability From the Summer of 1999. This
includes events in New England, New York
City, Long Island, Mid-Atlantic Area, New
Jersey, Delmarva Peninsula, South-Central
States and Chicago.
| DOE, National Labs and PSerc | 3/15/2000 | 216.8k | PDF |
| 00-05; | New Methods for the Visualization of Electric Power System Information
One area in need of new research in
information visualization is the
operation and analysis of large-scale
electric power systems. In analyzing
power systems, one is usually
confronted with a large amount of
multivariate data. With systems
containing tens of thousands of
electrical nodes (buses), a key
challenge is to present this data in a
form so the user can assess the state
of the system in an intuitive and quick
manner. This is particularly true when
trying to analyze relationships between
actual network power flows, the
scheduled power flows, and the capacity
of the transmission system. With
electric industry restructuring and the
move towards having a single entity,
such as an independent system operator
or pool, operate a much larger system,
this need has become more acute. This
paper presents several power system
visualization techniques to help in
this task. These techniques include
animation of power system flow values,
contouring of bus and transmission line
flow values, data aggregation
techniques and interactive 3D data
visualization.
| Tom Overbye & Jamie Weber | 7/24/2000 | 1.3M | PDF |
| 00-06 | Enhancing Reliability of Power Protection Systems Economically in the Post-Restructuring Era
| J.S. Thorp and H. Wang | 7/17/2000 | 358.5k | DOC |
| 00-07 | Simulation of Bilateral Contracts in an AGC System after Restructuring
In this paper, the traditional AGC two
area system is modified to take into
account the role of AGC as an ancillary
service. The concept of DISCO
participation matrix is introduced and
reflected in the two-area diagram.
Simulation studies as well as trajectory
sensitivity studies are done, the latter
for optimization.
| V. Donde, M.A. Pai and I.A. Hiskens | 8/9/2000 | 865.0k | PDF |
| 00-08 | Reactive Power Support Services in Electricity Markets
This project investigated methods
for
establishing justifiable costs for
ancillary services. The current work
focused on the issues of costing
reactive power and voltage
control. This included what has been
called congestion charges
related to the limitations of
transfers due to inadequate voltage
support at either load or generation
sites. The final report includes on
results on these issues as well as
reactive market power, reactive loss
allocation, and dynamic aspects of
reactive power supply.
This document contains the project's
final report. | Sauer, Overbye, Gross, Alvarado, Oren, and Momoh | 4/3/2003 | 440.6k | PDF |
| 00-09 | Security Assessment: Decision Support Tools for Power System Operators
Presentation slides for the September
5,
2000 Internet Seminar.
This talk will present new developments
in Risk Based security assessment,
decision support tools for power system
operators. An overview of the risk
based
security assessment approach will be
presented. Recent progress in
extending
this approach as a decision support
tool
for power system operators will be
described. | Prof. James McCalley, Iowa State University | 10/5/2000 | 659.5k | PPT |
| 00-10 | Are Price Spikes Predictable, Reproducible and Avoidable?
These are the Power Point slides
used by
Prof. Mount from Cornell University
for
the PSERC Internet
Seminar on October 3, 2000. The
primary
objective of this seminar was to
present
two different but related areas of
research on the volatility of spot
prices
for electricity. These areas are 1) an
analysis of actual price behavior in
the
PJM market, and 2) a series of
economic
experiments to test how market
structure
affects price volatility. | Prof. Timothy Mount, Cornell University | 10/5/2000 | 2.4M | PPT |
| 00-11 | Evidence for self-organized criticality in power system blackouts
We analyze a 15-year time series of North
American electric power system blackouts
for evidence of self-organized
criticality. Scaled window variance and
R/S analysis of the time series shows
moderate long time correlations. The
probability distribution functions of
various measures of blackout size have a
power tail. Moreover, the same analysis
applied to a time series from a sandpile
model known to be self-organized critical
gives results of the same form. Thus the
blackout data is consistent with self-
organized criticality. Self-organized
criticality, if fully confirmed in power
systems, would suggest new complex
systems approaches to understanding and
possibly controlling blackouts. | B.A. Carreras, D.E. Newman, I. Dobson, A.B. Poole | 10/10/2000 | 108.3k | PDF |
| 00-12 | An initial model for complex dynamics in electric power system blackouts
We define a model for the evolution of a
long series of electric power
transmission system blackouts.
The model describes opposing forces
which have been conjectured to cause
self-organized criticality in power
system blackouts.
There is a slow time scale representing
the opposing forces of load growth and
growth in system capacity and a fast
time scale representing cascading line
overloads and outages.
The time scales are coupled:
load growth leads to outages and outages
lead to increased system capacity.
The opposing forces result in a dynamic
equilibrium in which blackouts of all
sizes occur.
The model is a means to study the
complex dynamics of this dynamic
equilibrium.
The Markov property of the model is
briefly discussed.
The model dynamic equilibrium is
illustrated using initial results from
the 73 bus IEEE reliability test system. | I. Dobson, B.A. Carreras, V.E. Lynch, D.E. Newman | 10/10/2000 | 232.1k | PDF |
| 00-13 | Modeling blackout dynamics in power transmission networks with simple structure
A model for blackouts in electric power
transmission systems is implemented and
studied in simple networks with a regular
structure. The model describes load
demand and network improvements evolving
on a slow timescale as well as the fast
dynamics of cascading overloads and
outages. The model dynamics are
demonstrated on the simple power system
networks. The dynamics depend weakly on
the network topologies tested. The
probability distribution functions of
measures of the cascading events show the
existence of power-dependent tails. | B.A. Carreras, V.E. Lynch, M.L. Sachtjen, I. Dobson, D.E. Newman | 10/10/2000 | 178.2k | PDF |
| 00-14 | Design of Ancillary Service Markets
We examine the design of bid selection
protocols and settlement rules in
ancillary service markets. | Shmuel Oren | 2/13/2001 | 90.7k | PDF |
| 00-15 | Analysis of Electric Power System Disturbance Data
In this paper, NERC (North American
Reliability Council) records of power
system disturbances for the year 1984
through 1999 are explored. The
disturbance sizes show a power law
distribution which confirms the early
results [2]. Further, we find that the
probability density of time intervals
between disturbances can be given an
exponential fit. Based on this
observation, the suitability of
applying SWV analysis to power system
disturbances data is questioned. An
artificial time series is constructed
to support our idea. A fuse model using
DC load flow and fuse protection is
presented to simulating the cascading
events in power transmission networks.
Some initial simulation results are
shown to be consistent with NERC data.
Besides SOC and HOT, this model gives
another way to investigate power law
behavior in power system disturbances. | Jie Chen, James S. Thorp and Manu Parashar | 2/13/2001 | 238.9k | PDF |
| 00-16 | Optimization and Visualization of the North American Eastern Interconnect Power Market
This paper uses a first generation OPF
model of the Eastern Interconnect to
gauge the potential benefits deriving
from RTOs in an ideal world. So long as
the lines and generators are operating
as planned, there is sufficient low
cost capacity to keep peak demand
prices in the Eastern Interconnect
below $50 MWH. Under a reasonable
approximation of ideal conditions a
repeat of San Diego’s experience is
unlikely. Unfortunately a few downed
lines or generator outages can greatly
impact local prices even with
unrestricted trade. | Doug Hale and Tom Overbye | 10/11/2000 | 826.2k | PDF |
| 00-17 | Efficient Available Transfer Capability Analysis Using Linear Methods
While the concept of ATC has been
around for decades, the desire to
calculate its value on a large scale is
new. Organizations responsible for the
reliable operation of the transmission
system are given the task of
determining ATC values on a daily
basis. ATC calculations typically
include a large number of contingencies
as well as multiple transfer directions
and multiple system conditions. This
presents a labor-intensive task for
those required to calculate
ATC values.
Because of these circumstances,
Powerworld Corporation was approached
by the Bonneville Power Administration
(BPA) to develop a new software product
for their use in calculating ATC
values. The new ATC tool, integrated
into the Simulator OPF/ATC software
product, was the culmination of this
work. This talk will cover the basic
engineering requirements and
mathematics that governed the
development of the ATC tool. The
concept of Linear ATC analysis will be
introduced, along with the underlying
mathematics of Linear ATC analysis
including
* Power Transfer Distribution Factors
(PTDFs)
* Line Outage and Closure Distribution
Factors (LODFs/LCDFs)
* Outage Transfer Distribution Factors
(OTDFs)
Other special topics integrated into
PowerWorld Simulator OPF/ATC will also
be discussed such as (1) the inclusion
of phase-shifting transformers directly
in linear analysis, and (2) the
iteration of linear ATC for use in
modeling controller changes. | Jamie Weber | 5/9/2001 | 514.6k | PDF |
| 00-18 | Human Factors Analysis of Power System Visualizations
This paper describes an experimental
approach to formally testing the
usability of different power system
visualizations. In particular, the
ability of participants to assess and
correct power system voltage problems
was tested. Participants were divided
into three groups: the first group only
saw tabular data, the second group one-
line data, while the third group saw
one-line data and a color voltage
contour. The time to acknowledge the
voltage violations and the time to
correct the violations were assessed. | T.J Overbye, D.A. Wiegmann, A.M. Rich, Y. Sun | 10/11/2000 | 379.5k | PDF |
| 00-19 | A Virtual Environment for Protective Relaying Evaluation and Testing
This paper presents the application of
the virtual test bed for visualization
and animation of protective relaying
problems. The development of protective
relaying animation and visualization
objects as well as the interfacing with
the virtual test bed is described. Two
examples of protective relaying
animation are presented: (a) modified
mho relays and (b) transformer
differential relays. The potential
applications and utilization of the
approach is discussed in the paper.
Since any new relay is a digital relay,
the proposed approach is amenable to
directly interfacing the
manufacturers “relay” with
the Virtual
Test Bed, thus providing a flexible
testing tool for the plethora of relays
and relay manufacturers. The resulting
tool is extremely valuable for
educational purposes. | A. P. Sakis Meliopoulos and George J. Cokkinides | 12/7/2000 | 144.2k | PDF |
| 00-20 | Power System State Estimation: Modeling Error Effects and Impact on System Operation
State estimation has been introduced to
power systems and implemented in the
60s, using a single frequency, balanced
and symmetric power system model under
steady state conditions. This
implementation is still prevalent
today. The single frequency, balanced
and symmetric system assumptions have
simplified the implementation but have
generated practical problems. This
paper examines these simplified
assumptions and their impact on the
state estimation performance. We
demonstrate the performance of
proposed methods on an actual system
(New York Power Authority system) using
actual synchronized measurements. The
paper concludes with a commentary on
the implications of improved state
estimation methods on the
security/reliability monitoring and
control of an electric power system. | A. P. Sakis Meliopoulos, Bruce Fardanesh and Shalom Zelingher | 12/7/2000 | 163.4k | PDF |
| 00-21 | Instrumentation And Measurement Of Overhead Conductor Sag Using The Differential Global Positioning Satellite System
Experience in many electric utility
industries shows that the clearance of
an overhead (HV) conductor above ground
is a key factor limiting the available
transfer capacity (ATC) of the
conductor, especially in regions of
high interconnection. This
dissertation work deals with the
design, construction, instrumentation
and testing of a differential global
positioning satellite (DGPS) system
based instrument for the measurement of
overhead high voltage (HV) conductor
sag. Inherent and intentional errors
in GPS technologies are discussed, and
the DGPS method is described for
accuracy enhancement. A DGPS based
overhead conductor sag measuring
instrument has been designed,
constructed and subjected to selected
laboratory bench and power substation
testing. A method to directly measure
the physical sag of overhead HV
conductors is described. The main
objectives of the experimental tests
conducted were to evaluate the proper
functioning of the radio communication
links, assess the DGPS receiver
capability in terms of GPS signal
reception, and to also attest the
behavior of the conductor sag measuring
instrument under HV environment. | Chris Mensah-Bonsu | 4/27/2001 | 5.8M | DOC |
| 00-22 | Utililty Application of Fiber Optic Cables
The seminar will present the
construction of different fiber optic
cables and describes their applications
by the utility industry. The cables
are installed on high voltage
transmission lines. Several years of
operational experiments show that the
high electric field produced by the
phase conductors can destroy the
improperly installed cables and cause
severe loss of revenue. In a clear
environment corona discharge can damage
the cable. In polluted conditions dry-
band arcing occurs and destroys the
cable jacket. The seminar explains the
phenomena, presents the results of
laboratory simulation and gives a
mathematical analysis that can be used
to predict cable performance. | George Karady | 12/22/2000 | 2.8M | PDF |
| 00-23 | Unbundled Reactive Support Service: Key Characteristics and Dominant Cost Component
In this paper we provide a systematic
review of generator-provided reactive
support as an unbundled ancillary
service under open access transmission.
Through a number of illustrative
examples, we discuss the nature and
salient physical characteristics of
reactive support. Also, we analyze
their implications in acquiring VAr
support as one of the ancillary
compensators. services. The paper
presents the analysis of the dominant
component in the cost structure of this
service. This component is determined
from the opportunity costs, which are
evaluated from the foregone profits of
a generator in the real power markets
in providing reactive support instead
of real power. In addition, we discuss
the key considerations in the
acquisition and the pricing of the
reactive support service. | George Gross, Shu Tao, Ettore Bompard and Gianfranco Chicco | 4/30/2001 | 193.8k | PDF |
| 00-24 | Electricity and Ancillary Services Markets in New York State: Market Power in Theory and Practice
This paper combines lessons learned
from the New York ISO's experiences
with economic principles in
establishing guidelines for future
design of electric markets for
ancillary services. | Richard E. Schuler | 2/13/2001 | 436.7k | PDF |
| 00-25 | The Effect of Loading on Reactive Market Power
This paper illustrates the effect of
system loading on the reactive power
HHI for various locations. The paper
also illustrates the use of sensitivity
formulas to come up with measures
intended to improve (reduce) the
overall HHI of a system by judicious
addition of reactive power resources. | Antonio C. Zambroni de Souza, Fernando Alvarado and Mevludin Glavic | 2/13/2001 | 101.8k | PDF |
| 00-26 | Experimental Tests Of Competitive Markets For Electric Power
The objective of this paper is to
investigate characteristics of a market
that affect price volatility.
Additional results from the economics
experiments are in the process of being
added to the paper. A revised paper
will be uploaded when available.
Contact Tim Mount (tdm2@cornell.edu) if
you have questions. | Simon Ede, Timothy Mount, William Schulze, Robert Thomas, and Ray Zimmerman | 3/7/2001 | 215.8k | PDF |
| 00-27 | Simulation Environment for Development and Testing of Plug Compatible Power System Applications
The paper describes a simulation
environment for research, development,
integration, testing and deployment of
plug compatible power applications. | Robin Podmore, Marck Robinson, and Anjan Bose | 2/13/2001 | 125.4k | PDF |
| 00-28 | Min-max Transfer Capability: A New Concept
In this paper we discuss a new concept
of an interval for transfer capability
and present an algorithm for computing
its lower bound which we term the min-
max transfer capability. | D. Gan, X. Luo, D. V. Bourcier, and R. J. Thomas | 3/7/2001 | 88.9k | PDF |
| 00-29 | Network Control as a Distributed, Dynamic Game
The operation of large, widely
distributed networks can be modeled as
distributed dynamic games. This paper
assembles a space in which to seek good
solutions for such games. Five
dimensions of this space--automatic
learning, resource shares, additional
constraints, altruism and deference—are
explained and illustrated. | Sarosh Talukdar and Eduardo Camponogara | 2/13/2001 | 156.0k | PDF |
| 00-30 | Extended Factors for Linear Contingency Analysis
This paper presents preliminary results
on three new tools to quickly assess
the impact of line outages and
reclosure on generators. | Peter W. Sauer, Karl E. Reinhard and Thomas J. Overbye | 3/7/2001 | 166.6k | PDF |
| 00-31 | Stability of Limit Cycles in Hybrid Systems
This paper uses recent extensions of
trajectory sensitivity analysis to
obtain the characteristic multipliers
of nonsmooth limit cycles. | Ian A. Hiskens | 2/13/2001 | 138.2k | PDF |
| 00-32 | Impact of Renewable Distributed Generation on Power Systems
The following study attempts to
calculate the boundaries of the impact
of randomly placed distributed
generators on a distribution feeder. | M. Begovi , A. Pregelj, A. Rohatgi, and D. Novosel | 2/13/2001 | 251.2k | PDF |
| 00-33 | Capacity Payments and Supply Adequacy in Competitive Electricity Markets
This paper discusses alternative approaches that have been adopted around the world for guaranteeing the appropriate level of investment in electric generation capacity. We argue that the use of "capacity payments" is the least desirable approach that undermines the long-term efficiency objectives of the electric industry restructuring. We explain how in an energy only market, long term supply contracts in the form of call options with premiums that depend on the contracts' strike prices can meet the need for ensuring supply adequacy and the financial health of the generation sector. | Shmuel S. Oren | 2/5/2001 | 250.1k | PDF |
| 00-34 | Visualization of Oscillation Mode Shapes and Participation Factors
Power system oscillations can cause a power system to become unstable if they are too large. The oscillation modes and participation factors are crucial data for the analysis of system oscillations. But on large systems, there can be thousands of data points to look at. The goal of this work is to take oscillation mode shape and participation factor data and display it, so that one can quickly obtain the important information. These displays allow system operators and others interested in the system oscillations to quickly determine which generators are contributing to the oscillations and how each generator’s contribution compares to others. Because different users prefer different ways to visualize information, many options have been considered, including changing colors, sizes, and shapes. Both two-dimensional and three-dimensional displays will be demonstrated. | Thomas J. Overbye, Craig M. Martini | 4/26/2001 | 1.1M | DOC |
| 00-35 | Synchronous Machine Parameter Estimation Using Orthogonal Series Expansion
This paper presents an alternative to estimate armature circuit parameters of large utility generators using real time operating data. The alternatives consider the use of orthogonal series expansions in general and Hartley series in particular. | J. Rico, G. T. Heydt, A. Keyhani, B. Agrawal and D. Selin | 5/1/2001 | 215.5k | PDF |
| 00-36 | Development of Enhanced Electric Arc Furnace Models for Transient Analysis
Electric arc furnaces (EAFs) are a main cause of voltage flicker due to the interaction of the high demand currents of the loads with the supply system impedance. In order to adequately understand and analyze the effects on the power system from these loads, obtaining an accurate representation of the characteris-tics of the loads is crucial. In this paper, a mixed chaotic EAF model to represent the low frequency and high frequency variations of the arc current respectively and a chain-shaped chaotic EAF model to characterize the current variation have been proposed. | Gilsoo Jang, Weiguo Wang, G. T. Heydt, S. S. Venkata and Byongjun Lee | 5/1/2001 | 606.7k | PDF |
| 00-37 | Application of the Global Positioning System to the Measurement of Overhead Power Transmission Conductor Sag
This paper describes a method to directly measure the physical sag of overhead electric power transmission conductors. The method used relies on the Global Positioning System (GPS) used in the differential mode. The direct measurement of sag is a main advantage of the concept. | C. Mensah-Bonsu, U. Fernández, G. T. Heydt, Y. Hoverson, J. Schilleci and B. Agrawal | 5/1/2001 | 127.1k | PDF |
| 00-38 | Neural Network Based Modeling of a Large Steam Turbine-Generator Rotor Body Parameters from On-Line Disturbance Data
A novel technique to estimate and model rotor-body parameters of a large steam turbine-generator from real time disturbance data is presented. For each set of disturbance data collected at different operating conditions, the rotor body parameters of the generator are estimated using an Output Error Method (OEM). Artificial neural network (ANN) based estimators are later used to model the non-linearities in the estimated parameters based on the generator operating conditions. | H. B. Karayaka, A. Keyhani, G. T. Heydt, B. Agrawal and D.Selin | 5/7/2001 | 341.5k | PDF |
| 00-39 | Instrumentation and Measurement of Overhead Conductor Sag Using the Differential Global Positioning Satellite System
This dissertation work deals with the design, construction, instrumentation and testing of a differential global positioning satellite (DGPS) system based instrument for the measurement of overhead high voltage (HV) conductor sag. Inherent and intentional errors in GPS technologies are discussed, and the DGPS method is described for accuracy enhancement. | Chris Mensah-Bonsu | 5/7/2001 | 6.2M | DOC |
| 00-40 | Increasing Student Interest and Comprehension in Power Engineering Education at the Graduate and Undergraduate Levels
Methods of increasing student interest
in power engineering | G. Karady, G. Heydt | 6/25/2001 | 115.2k | PDF |
| 00-41 | Generation Supply Bidding in Perfectly Competitive Electricity Markets
This paper reports on the development of a comprehensive framework for the analysis and formulation of bids in competitive electricity markets. Competing entities submit offers of power and energy to meet the next day’s load. We use the England and Wales Power Pool as the basis for the development of a very general competitive power pool (CPP) framework. The framework provides the basis for solving the CPP dispatcher problem and for specifying the optimal bidding strategies. | George Gross and David Finlay | 2/8/2003 | 98.7k | PDF |
| 00-42 | Experimental Tests of Deregulated Markets for Electric Power: Market Power and Self-Commitment
The deregulation of the electricity industry in the U.S.A. has been implemented in a relatively decentralized way. Individual states or groups of states within a region have developed different approaches to deregulation. Consequently, the structures of the new markets for electricity are very different from one another. For example, eastern markets have favored a more centralized control compared to the Californian market. Nevertheless, major problems in the performance of these markets have arisen, and there is no obvious winner in the design of a market which delivers reliable power to customers in an economically efficient way. Prices, in particular, have been higher and more volatile than expected.
Report to the United States Department of Energy, November 2000. Uploaded: June 27, 2006. | S. Ede, R. Zimmerman, T. Mount, R. Thomas, W. Shulze | 6/27/2006 | 808.9k | PDF |
| 00-43 | An Economic Analysis of the Self Commitment of Thermal Unites
Given the load profile of an electricity market and the capabilities of the set of generators supplying power to that market, it is likely that at any given point in time, available supply will exceed demand. If only a subset of generators is required, some method is required to commit and de-commit generators. In the past, system operators have employed a centralized method of unit commitment. Deregulation of the electricity industry throws doubt on the continued suitability of this method due to fairness issues and availability of accurate cost data. This paper will examine the performance of decentralized unit commitment, where dispatch of generators is determined by offer curves submitted into a spot market by power producers.
Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, January 4-7, 2000. Uploaded: June 27, 2006. | S. Ede, R. Zimmerman, T. Mount, R. Thomas, W. Schulze | 6/27/2006 | 100.3k | PDF |
| 00-44 | An Analysis of Price Volatility in Different Spot Marketes for Electricity in the U.S.A.
Earlier research has shown that the behavior of spot prices in the new auction markets for electricity can be described by a stochastic regime-switching model. This model captures the observed price spikes that occur in these markets, particularly during the summer months when levels of load are high. The first part of the paper shows how the exploitation of market power can lead to offers to sell power that are consistent with price spikes. An important feature of the model is that some suppliers are indifferent to having marginal units dispatched when they have sufficient market power. Given this analytical framework, the second part of the paper extends the regime switching model of prices by making key parameters functions of forecasted load. The first application shows how the structure of the PJM market changed when market-based offers were allowed, resulting in higher price spikes. The second application compares price behavior in PJM, New England and California.
Presented at the 19th Annual Conference on the Competitive Challenge in Network Industries for the Advanced Workshop in Regulation and Competition, Rutgers University, Bolton Landing, NY, May 2000. Uploaded: June 27, 2006. | T. Mount, Y. Ning, H-N. Oh | 6/27/2006 | 428.8k | PDF |
| 00-45 | Can Experimental Economics Help Guide Restructuring of Electric Power?
The US electric power industry, in particular California and the Northeastern United States, has taken major steps to restructure its institutional arrangements to support competition among energy suppliers. The US is not the first in the world to embark on this path, and to refer to the undertaking as deregulation would be a mistake. In early 1990s the United Kingdom restructured it's industry to form separate generation, transmission and distribution companies (Newbery and Green 1996). Today, this arrangement represents one of the most complex regulatory environments in the world due to efforts to ensure that the independent companies provide reliable electric power at “fair” prices.
Prepared for the NSF/DOE/EPRI Sponsored Workshop on Future Research Directions for Complex Interactive Electric Networks Washington, D.C., November 16-17, 2000. Uploaded: June 27, 2006. | W. Schulze, S. Ede, R. Zimmerman, J. Bernard, T. Mount, R. Thomas, R. Schuler | 6/27/2006 | 532.8k | PDF |
| 00-46 | Strategic Behavior in Spot Markets for Electricity when Load is Stochastic
In the first part of the paper, daily price data for the past three summer seasons in the PJM wholesale market are used to estimate a stochastic regime switching model. These data show that the average price in 1999, when market-based offers were allowed, was twice as high as it was in the previous two seasons when offers had to be cost-based. The primary cause was that the price spikes in 1999 were much higher than they were in 1997-98, but not more frequent. The second part of the paper derives an optimum set of offers for individual suppliers endowed with different levels of market power. A supplier controlling generation equivalent to 20% of the expected load in the market is shown to submit offers that are up to 80% higher than the true cost. Nevertheless, these offers are still much lower than the offers that set the high prices in the PJM market. The explanation is that suppliers with sufficient market power are indifferent to whether or not marginal units are dispatched, and they can set high offers on these units without forfeiting expected profits.
Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Jan. 5-8, 2000. Uploaded: June 27, 2006. | T. Mount | 6/27/2006 | 112.1k | PDF |
| 00-47 | Stability-Constrained Optimal Power Flow
Stability is an important constraint in power system operation. Often trial and error heuristics are used that can be costly and imprecise. A new methodology that eliminates the need for repeated simulation to determine a transiently secure operating point is presented. The theoretical development is straightforward: dynamic equations are converted to numerically equivalent algebraic equations and then integrated into the standard OPF formulation. Implementation issues and simulation results are discussed in the context of a 162-bus system.
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 15, No. 2, May 2000, pp. 535-540. Uploaded: June 27, 2006. | D. Gan, R. Thomas, R. Zimmerman | 6/27/2006 | 84.8k | PDF |
| 00-48 | Parallel Processing Implementation of the Unit Commitment Problem with Full AC Power Flow Constraints
In this paper, the authors describe a parallel implementation of the Lagrangian Relaxation Algorithm with variable duplication for the thermal unit commitment problem. The formulation was previously reported by the authors and allows inclusion of the full nonlinear AC network power flow model, which permits addressing voltage limits, as well as more realistic branch flow limits than is possible with a linear DC flow model. Thus, potential VAr production can be used as another criterion for commitment of otherwise expensive generators in strategic locations. The algorithm is highly parallelizable, and the authors have taken advantage of this in a version currently being developed for the Cornell Theory Center’s Velocity AC3 NT cluster.
Proceedings of teh 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 1283-1291, Jan. 4-7, 2000. Uploaded: June 27, 2006. | C. Murillo-Sanchez, R. Thomas | 6/27/2006 | 842.3k | PDF |
| 00-49 | Design Optimization and Performance Evaluation of the Relay Algorithms, Relays and Protective Systems Using Advanced Testing Tools
This paper defines underlying performance quality measures for designing, optimizing, setting and evaluating the protective relaying algorithms and equipment. The paper starts with evaluation of digital measuring algorithms, and gradually introduces the performance indices for the operating principles, relays and protection systems. Multi-objective formal ranking methods based on fuzzy set theory are used to combine diverse measures into composite performance indices enabling evaluating and optimizing various functions of protective equipment.
IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 15, no. 4, Oct. 2000. Uploaded: June 30, 2006. | M. Kezunovic and B. Kasztenny | 6/30/2006 | 99.9k | PDF |
